1// 2004ckESpf rwfv (2)&ufae@onf jynfolvlxkqENESifhtnD a&;qGJtwnfjyKjyXmef;cJhaom (1947)ckESpf zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'udk ppftm%m&Sif OD;ae0if;u puULpkwfozG,fqkyfacs pGef@ypfcJhonfh ppftm%modrf;jcif; (42)ESpfajrmufae@ jzpfayonf// Tae@ T&ufwGif jrefrm jynfolvlxk. 'Drdkua&pDESifh vl@tcGifhta&; cyfodrf; qkH;&SKH;cJh&jyD;/ ta&S@awmiftm&SwGif xdyfwef;edkifiHtqifhrS *k%foduQmtnSKd;EGrf; qkH;EkdifiHtqifhodk@ av#muscJh&ojzifh jrefrmhordkif;wGif t&kyfqdk; tusnf;twefqkH;aom ae@vnf;jzpfay onf//
2// jynfaxmifpkjrefrmedkifiH jynfolvlxkonf rlvuyif vGwfvyfjcif;/ w&m;r#wjcif;ESifh nDr#jcif; wnf;[laom avmuygvw&m;rsm;udk ,kH=unfjrwfedK;&if;pGJ&Sdonfhtav#muf 1962ckESpf ppftm%m odrf;r_jzpfyGm;csdefrSpwifI ppftm%m&Sifpepfudkqef@usifa=umif; qENoabmxm;rsm; xkwfaz:jyocJh=u ayonf// 1962ckESpfZlvdkif(7)&uf &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;. ppftm%m&Sifpepfqef@usifa&; ta&;awmfykHrSm yxrOD;qkH; qef@usifoabmxm;az:jyr_ jzpf&kHr#ru ausmifom;rsm;pGmvnf; aoG;ajruscJh& ayonf//
3// xdk@aemuf 1967ckESpf ppfawGqef&&Sda&;wdkufyGJ/ 1969 ckESpf u|ef;qG,fausmif;om;qENjyyGJ/ 1974 ckESpf ZGef(6) tvkyform;qENjyyGJ/ 1974 ckESpf 'DZifbm OD;oef@ta&; qENjyyGJ/ 1975 ckESpf ZGef(6) tvkyf orm;ta&;awmfykH ESpfywfvnfqENjyyGJ/ rSdKif;&mjynfh ausmif;om;qENjyyGJ/ 1986 ckESpf aiGpuULzsufodrf;r_ qef@usifa&;qENjyyGJ tp&Sdonfh ppftm%m&Sifpepfqef@usifa&; ta&;awmfykHrsm;pGmudk jrefrmvlxk=uD;onf pOfqufrjywf qifEGJcJh=uayonf//
4// ppftm%m&SiftkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh ppfwyfvuf0g;=uD;tkyfpD;yGm;a&;pepf'%fa=umifh edkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlrSKa&;tajctaet&yf&yf ysufpD;,dk,Gif;um jrefrmedkifiHonf urBmhtqif;&JqkH; EkdifiHwEkdifiH (Least Developed Country)tjzpf pm&if;wifcHcJh&ayonf// odk@jzifh wdkif;&if;om; jynfol vlxk=uD;w&yfvkH;onf ppftm%m&Sifpepf tay: taxGaxGrauseyfr_ xkxnf=uD;rm;vmcJh&mrS 1988ckESpf rwfv(13)&ufae@ &efukef pufr_wuUodkvf ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykH xyfrHay:aygufcJh&onf// xdkta&;awmfykHtm; ppftkyfpk u t=urf;zufajz&Sif;cJhI pufrSKwuUodkvf ausmif;om; udkzkef;armfESifh udkpdk;Edkifwdk@usqkH;cJh&ayonf// xdkodk@ ausmif;om;rsm; aoG;ajruscJh& aoma=umifh ausmif;om;xkw&yfvkH;ESifhwuG &[ef;&Sifvl jynfoltm;vkH; yg0iftkHºuGonfh &Spfav;vkH;vlxk ta&;awmfykH=uD; xyfqifhay:aygufcJh&ayonf//
5// &Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykH=uD;twGif; xkwfaz:jyocJhaom vlxkqEN tppftrSefrSm 1962 ckESpf rwfv (2)&ufae@ tm%modrf;yGJrSpwifcJhaom ppftm%m&SifpepfvkH;0 zsufodrf;a&;/ jynfolvlxkqENudk udk,fpm; jyKaom jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yf jyefvnfay:xGef;a&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&;udk tjynfht0 tmrcHonfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw&yf xlaxmifa&;wdk@ jzpfayonf// wcsdefwnf;rSmyif 'Drdkua&pD jyefvnf wnfaqmufa&;twGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; &Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykH=uD;wGif vlxkacgif;aqmiftjzpf wcJeuf a&G;cs,fwifajrSmufcJh=uonf// rsufarSmufjrefrmhedkifiHa&; taxGaxG tusyftwnf;=uD;udk a':atmifqef;pk=unfu edkifiHa&;t& awG@qkHaqG;aEG;tajz&Sma&;enf;vrf;jzifh tjrefqkH; ajz&Sif;&ef awmif;qdkv#uf &Sdayonf// awG@qkHaqG;aEG;tajz&Sma&; w&ufaemufusav wdkif;jynf vlxk qif;&J'kuQw&uf ydkcH&avjzpfrnf[k a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ppftm%m&Sifrsm;tm; owday; ESdK;aqmfv#uf&Sdayonf//
6// ppftm%m&Sifpepf (42)ESpfjynfhajrmufonfh ,ae hacwf jrefrmedkifiH.tajctaeudk t&Sdtwdkif; jyefvnf qef;ppf=unfhrnfqdkvsif EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ usef;rma&;/ vlrSKa&; tp&Sdonfh u¾ toD;oD;wGif tzufzufrS ,dk,Gif;usqif;aeonfudk awG@Ekdifayonf// TuJhodkaom tajctaersdK;odk@ jrefrmedkifiH usqif;cJh&jcif;rSm ppftm%m&Siftkyfpku EkdifiHESifh vlxkrsufESmudk axmufxm;nSmwmrSKrjyKbJ/ 1990jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk todtrSwfjyK&ef jiif;qdkjcif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh twdkuftcHEkdifiHa&;orm; trsm;tjym;tm; axmifoGif; tusOf;csxm;jcif;/ vlxktm; t"rRvkyftm; cdkif;apjcif;/ tdrf,mjcHajrrsm; t"rRajymif;a&$ hcdkif;jcif;/ trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; t"rRjyKusifhjcif;/ jynfolrsm;udk Oya'rJh owfjzwfjcif;/ uav;oli,frsm;tm; t"rRppfrSKxrf;cdkif;jcif; tp&Sdaom Oya'ESifhtm%mudk tvGJokH;I vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azgufr_aygif;rsm;pGmudk pepfwus pDrHusL;vGefaeaoma=umifh jzpfayonf//
7// ,ckvufiif; jzpfay:aeonfh xif&Sm;aomom"uwckrSm ppftm%m&Sifpepf. pDrHuGyfuJr_ tvGJtrSm; aygif;rsm;pGm xyfumwvJvJ jzpfaer_rsm;a=umifh jrefrmedkifiHyk*~vdub%frsm;wGif ykHrSefaiGa=u; pD;qif;vnfywfr_ r&SdI puf&kHtvkyf&kHrsm;&yfqdkif;um tvkyform;rsm; 'kuQa&muf&jcif;/ qefpyg; pdkufysdK; }udwfcGJ o,fydk@a&mif;0,f a&;udk vGwfvyfcGifhjyKrnfqdkjyD;aemuf/ trdef@trsdK;rsdK;xkwfI jyefvnf xdef;csKyfcJh ojzifh v,form;rsm; 'kuQ}uD;pGm a&muf&jcif; tp&Sdonfwdk@a=umifh/ jynfolvlxktrsm;pk=uD;rSm r=uKHpbl; aom pm;0wfaea&;'kuQrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif=uKHawG@ ae&ayonf// ,ckuJhodk@ jrefrmEkdifiHb%fpepf ,dkifvJ&jcif;/ jrefrmhqefpyg; aps;uGufysuf&jcif;wdk@. t"duta=umif;&if;rSm jynfolvlxkudk udk,fpm;jyKrSKr&Sdaom ppftm%m&Sifrsm;u wdkif;jynfta&;udpPrsm;tm; pGufzufjc,fvS,faeaoma=umifh jzpfayonf//
8// xdk@a=umifh ukvor*~tzGJ@/ Oa&myor*~tzGJ htp&Sdaom edkifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ edkifiHwum tpdk;&tzGJ@rsm;/ tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh jynfwGif;jynfy&Sd wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;/ 'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkrsm;u etztzGJ htaejzifh EkdifiHa&;tESpfom&&Sdaom aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; tjrefqkH; zdwfac: I vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhtwl jrefrmedkifiHwGif 'Drdkua&pDenf;us t&yfzuftpdk;& tkyfcsKyfa&;w&yf ay:aygufvma&;twGuf aqG;aEG;&ef wnDwnGwfwnf; ESdK;aqmfwdkufwGef;ae=ujcif; jzpfayonf//
9// odk@jzpfI jynfaxmifpkjrefrmedkifiHtrsdK;om;nGef@aygif;tpdk;&taejzifh ppftm%m&Sifpepf qef@usifa&;wdkufyGJpOf wav#muf vlxkqENjyyGJrsm;twGif;/ tusOf;axmifrsm;twGif;/ awmawmifrsm;twGif;ESifh a&jcm; ajrjcm;a'orsm;Y toufay;pGef@v$wfoGm;cJh=uukefaom &Jabmfrsm;ESifhwuG &[ef;&Sifvljynfol taygif;tm; txl;av;eufpGm rSwfwrf;wif*k%fjyKv#uf jynfwGif;jynfy&Sd 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ wkdif;&if;om; tiftm;pkrsm;ESifhtwl vufwGJI ppftm%m&SifpepfcsKyfjidrf;a&;/ 'Drdkua&pDESifh vl@tcGifhta&; rsm; tjynfht0&&Sda&;/ ppfrSefonfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ay:xGef;a&;wnf;[laom EkdifiHa&;&nfrSef;csuf rsm; atmifjrifonftxd txl;0d&d,pdkufxkwf aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; Tppftm%m (42)ESpfjynfh csdefwGif av;eufpGm oEMdXmefjyKtyfygonf//
2004ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@//
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